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Objective@#To evaluate anemia and related nutritional status of 6-17 years old boarding school students in rural areas of central and western China, and to reveal the difference of nutrition problems in different regions.@*Methods@#In the central and western regions, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Guangxi and Sichuan provinces, as well as Tibet Autonomous Region were selected for this survey considering similar per capita GDP levels. One secondary school and one primary school which participated in the National Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Students were selected from each province. One class was selected from each grade of every school by using cluster sampling method. A total of 2 180 students were selected in this survey. Venous blood was collected and the level of hemoglobin, ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, folic acid and vitamin B12 was analyzed to evaluate anemia and nutrient deficiencies.@*Results@#As for western region, prevalence of anemia among students aged 6-8 and 9-11 years was 3.2% and 2.9%, respectively; iron deficiency prevalence among students aged 6-8, 9-11 and 12-14 years was 10.8%, 13.8% and 24.3%, respectively; and folic deficiency prevalence among students aged 12-14 and 15-17 years was 32.7 % and 49.4%, respectively. Prevalence of anemia, iron and folic deficiency in those areas was significantly higher than those of central regions (all P <0.05). As for the central regions, vitamin B12 deficiency prevalence of students aged 6-8, 9-11, 12-14 and 15-17 years was 7.3%, 19.4%, 29.2% and 45.5% respectively, which was significantly higher than of those of the western regions at the same age group.@*Conclusion@#Anemia, iron deficiency and folic acid deficiency are more common among students in western region, while the vitamin B12 deficiency problem is more common in central region. There are regional differences in the nutritional problems of students in the rural areas of central and western part of China. Nutrition improvement of student needs to be adapted to local conditions.
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In order to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota and type 2 diabetic erectile dysfunction (T2DED),we analyzed the characteristics of gut microbiota in the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats with T2DED.Thirty-five SD rats were randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=15)with normal diet,and experimental group (n=20) with construction of T2D model.Faecal and serum samples were collected at 2nd and 8th week after establishment of T2D model,respectively.Faecal samples were used for analysis of gut microbiota,and serum samples for detection of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO),lipopolysaccharide (LPS),and inflammatory factors like interleukin-1 (IL-1),IL-2,IL-10,and monocyte chemoattractantprotein-1 (MCP-1).The main compositions of gut microbiota were Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria and Firmicutes at the phylum level,and Oscillospira,Allobaculum,Bacteroides,Ruminococcus,SMB53,Prevotella,Coprococcus,Sutterella and Blautia at the genus level with relatively higher abundance in all SD rats.The relative abundance of Enterococcus,Corynebacterium,Aerococcus,Facklamia (opportunistic pathogens in most case) increased,and that ofAllobaculum,Bifidobacterium,Eubacterium,Anaerotruncus (beneficial bacteria) decreased in T2DED group as compared with that at 2nd week after establishment of T2D model (T2D2 group).The serum contents of TMAO,LPS,IL-1,IL-2,IL-10 and MCP-1 in T2DED group were significantly higher than those in control group.The gut microbiota of T2DED rats was inhibited.The gut microbiota of T2DED rats had changed,as the relative abundance of beneficial bacterium was decreased while that of opportunistic pathogens was increased.The variations of gut microbiota might lead to inflammation and prompt the emergence of erectile dysfunction in the rats with T2D.TMAO might play an important role in the formation of T2DED.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the value of multiple-slice spiral CT diagnosis of atypical intraabdominal hernia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical and CT findings of 16 cases of atypical intraabdominal hernia confirmed surgically were retrospectively analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In all the 16 cases, the contents of hernia were small bowels and the mesentery. Nine cases were caused by the adhesion after abdominal operations or infection, 6 by the mesenteric foramen, and 1 by the gap of pelvic peritoneum. The main CT findings were as follows:(1)the obstructed small bowels gathered abnormally and showed cluster shape(9 cases); the walls of the bowels thickened with edema and showed "target" sign with exudate in the neighboring spaces(5 cases); other part of the abdominal cavity became empty for lack of small bowels(4 cases).(2) Abnormal arrangement of the branches of mesenteric vessel, which appeared gathered or pulled or rigid and displacement of the main branches to left or right(12 cases). Thickened mesenteric vessel (4 cases): torsion of mesentery with "whirlpool" sign (3 cases). (3) With the help of multiplanar reformation, 5 cases showed the evidence of hernia rings. In the ring area, there were gathered or pulled or rigid and radiating mesenteric vessel and the dilated or effusion bowels in cluster arrangement forming "parachute" and "bundle of balloons" sign.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>CT manifestations of atypical intraabdominal hernia has some specific characteristics, which is of important value for clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Hernia, Ventral , Diagnostic Imaging , Tomography, Spiral Computed , MethodsABSTRACT
To investigate the interaction and involvement of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS),a H2S donor,on hippocampus of rats suffering from sepsis-associated encephalopathy,rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis.Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups:Sham group,CLP group,CLP+NaHS group and CLP+aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA,an inhibitor of H2S formation) group.The four groups were observed at 3,6,9,12 h after treatment.We examined hippocampal H2S synthesis and the expression of cystathionine-β-synthetase (CBS),a major enzyme involved in the H2S synthesis in hippocampus.CBS expression was detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α,IL-1β) were determined in hippocampus by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Neuronal damage was studied by histological examination of hippocampus.In CLP group,H2S synthesis was significantly increased in hippocampus compared with sham group and it peaked 3 h after CLP (P＜0.05).Sepsis also resulted in a significantly upregulated CBS mRNA in hippocampus.The levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the hippocampus were substantially elevated at each time point of measurement (P＜0.05),and they also reached a peak value at about 3 h.Administration of NaHS significantly aggravated sepsis-associated hippocampus inflammation,as evidenced by TNF-α and IL-1β activity and histological changes in hippocampus.In septic rats pretreated with AOAA,sepsis-associated hippocampus inflammation was reduced.It is concluded that the rats subjected to sepsis may suffer from brain injury and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines are responsible for the process.Furthermore,administration of H2S can increase injurious effects and treatment with AOAA can protect the brain from injury.
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In this study, the automatic segmentation of the irregular lesion region in the image of fundus fluorescence angiography was actualized by means of the modified Back Propagation (BP) neural network method. Combining the transfer scaling coefficient between pixel of the image and the actual size, the area of the irregular lesion region was measured. The results may provide valuable data for the clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognostic evaluation.
Subject(s)
Algorithms , Fluorescein Angiography , Methods , Nerve Net , Retinal Diseases , Diagnosis , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the performance of MRI and its diagnostic value for ligament injuries of knee joint.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Form June 2008 to February 2010, the MRI of 74 patients with ligament injuries of knee joint were retrospectively analyzed. There were 47 males and 27 females in the group, which course was from 2 h to 10 d, with an average age of 37.3 years (ranged from 12 to 76). The clinical symptom included knee swelling, pain, joint instability, extension-flexion movement disorder. The physical examination showed valgus test or drawer test positive, and tenderness of medial knee positive.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There were ligament injuies in 74 cases, among them, 19 cases were anterior cruciate ligament (25.7%),18 were posterior cruciate ligament (24.3%), 13 were lateral collateral ligament (17.6%), 24 were medial collateral (32.4%), the ligament of 12 cases were completely broken (included 8 cases cruciate ligament and 4 cases collateral ligament presented as discontinued signals of the ligament, and swelling and thickening of the ligament with medium signal in PDWI and high signal intensity in T2WI and in SPIR). The MRI of 62 patients with partial longitudinal tearing ligaments showed continuity, swelling and thickening of the ligaments with medium signal in PDWI and high signal intensity in T2WI and in SPIR. Forty-four cases were examined with surgery and arthroscopy, 41 ligaments were accorded with MRI, diagnosis rate of MRI was 95%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MRI can accurately diagnose the ligament injuries of knee joint,which is an ideal technique in the diagnosis of ligament injuries of knee joint, and should be used as a routine examining method.</p>